creation of a pilot committee for digital ethics

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Created on the initiative of Matignon, on the recommendation of the CCNE, this pilot ethics committee was born from the opinion 129 of the CCNE.

In September 2018, it proposed "to play a role in helping to set up a future digital ethics committee, which is specialized in digital issues in their entirety".

The establishment of this structure also echoes the recommendations made by Cédric Villani, mathematician and MP LREM of Essonne, in his report on the AI ​​submitted in March to the government.

The digital ethics pilot committee will focus its first work on three referrals, two of which relate to health:

• Medical diagnosis AI

"It will be a question of discussing the tension between the proposal of algorithmic decision and human guarantee, to ask what are the risks incurred when one does not follow the 'advice' of a prediction algorithm or to promote transparency and transparency. 'Explanation of the functioning of these algorithms for both health professionals and users of the health system,' said CCNE.

This problem answers to the notion of "human guarantee" in the field of health AI, as defined by the national committee. It must make it possible to preserve the final control of the health professional, in interaction with the patient, to take the appropriate decisions according to each specific situation ".

As a reminder, this notion is included in the bioethics bill, which is currently being examined in Parliament.

• Conversational agents

Present in phones, interfaces with online services or devices such as smart health connected speakers, these chatbots are appearing in hospitals and several health applications.

"The ethical issues concern transparency on the processing of the collected data, the respect of the individuals on the one hand and the convenience of the use of such applications on the other, or the implementation of strategies of influence by such agents ", observes the CCNE.

• The third part of the committee's work will focus on the autonomous vehicle.

An expected balance sheet for 2021

This pilot digital ethics committee is holding its first plenary meeting on Wednesday, December 4th.

In early 2021, he will have to submit to CCNE president Jean-François Delfraissy a report on his activities. The national committee will then make recommendations on the modalities of a possible sustainable digital ethics committee.

Organized according to CCNE's mode of operation, the pilot committee will be headed by Claude Kirchner, research director at the National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (Inria) and member of CCNE.

Made up of 30 members who are expert in the field of AI and from various professions, it has several personalities from the world of health.

Thus, we find Professor Jean-François Delfraissy, president of the CCNE and doctor; Laure Coulombel, research director at the National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), genomics specialist and member of CCNE; David Gruson, health program director of Jouve and founder of the Ethik & IA think tank; or Emmanuel Hirsch, Professor of Medical Ethics and President of the Council for the Ethics of Research and Scientific Integrity at Paris-Saclay University.

The members will have the mission to imagine and "put in place the means necessary for the awareness, the information and the decision-making of the people, companies, administrations, institutions" concerned by the question of the AI, underlines also CCNE.

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